Based on a case study of gender relations and land rights in Ndixe village, Marracuene district, southern Mozambique. Structured into: women are disadvantaged in the post-war struggle for land; most women in Mozambique depend principally on subsistence agriculture, and then on access to land, to ensure their livelihoods; women have only secondary land rights under a resurgent customary law, but the rules may be changing; women have equal land rights to men under formal law, but most rural women are ignorant of these rights and hardly make use of them.